who was lord baltimore and what did he plan to create in maryland? quizlet

English peer (1605-1675)

The Correct Honourable The Lord Baltimore
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore Retrospective painting by Florence MacKubin, 1910
Governor of Newfoundland (Avalon)
In function 1629–1632
Monarch	Charles I
Proprietor of the Maryland colony
In office 1632–1675
Personal details
Built-in	(1605-08-08)viii August 1605 Kent, England[1]
Died	30 November 1675(1675-11-30) (anile lxx) Middlesex, England
Spouse(s)	Anne Arundell
Children	9, including The tertiary Baron Baltimore
Parent(due south)	The 1st Baron Baltimore Anne Mynne
Alma mater	Trinity College, Oxford
Occupation	lawyer political leader

Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (viii Baronial 1605 – 30 November 1675), was an English nobleman, also ofttimes known as Cecilius Calvert, who was the start Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, 9th Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and 2d of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast. His championship was "First Lord Proprietary, Earl Palatine of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon in America". He received the proprietorship after the death of his begetter, The 1st Baron Baltimore (1579 – fifteen April 1632), for whom it had been intended. Cecil, Lord Baltimore, established and managed the Province of Maryland from his habitation, Kiplin Hall, in Due north Yorkshire, England. As an English Roman Catholic, he continued the legacy of his male parent by promoting religious tolerance in the colony.

Maryland became a oasis for Catholics in the New World, specially of import at a time of religious persecution in England. Lord Baltimore governed Maryland for forty-two years.^[2] He likewise continued to be Lord Proprietor and Governor of Newfoundland for the Province of Avalon.

Early life and didactics [edit]

Cecil Calvert was born on eight August 1605 in Kent, England, to George Calvert, who was subsequently created, in 1625, The 1st Baron Baltimore, and Anne Mynne (or Mayne).^[3] He was the first of several sons of the couple. At the time, his father was under pressure level for conformity, and all 10 children were baptised in the Church building of England.^[four]

Calvert entered Trinity Higher at the Academy of Oxford in 1621. His mother Anne Mynne (or Mayne) died the following yr.^[4] His father, The 1st Businesswoman Baltimore, converted to Catholicism in 1625, and it is likely that his children followed him; at least his sons did.

In 1628, Cecil accompanied his father, Lord Baltimore, along with most of his siblings and his stepmother, to the new Colony of Newfoundland. The colony failed due to disease, extreme cold and attacks past the French and the family returned to England.

Cecil Calvert succeeded as The 2nd Businesswoman Baltimore upon his father's death in April 1632. On 8 Baronial 1633, the new Lord Baltimore, equally Cecil was now, was admitted to Grayness's Inn every bit a barrister.^[3]

Settlement of the Maryland colony [edit]

Maryland Charter [edit]

Lord Baltimore, as Cecil now was, received a Lease from King Charles I for the new colony of Maryland, to exist named for the Queen Consort, Henrietta Maria (wife of King Charles I). This was shortly later on the death, in Apr 1632, of his begetter, The 1st Baron Baltimore, who had long sought the charter to found a colony in the mid-Atlantic area to serve as a refuge for English language Roman Catholics. The original grant would accept included the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay as far southward as the Potomac River and the entirety of the eastern shore (future "Delmarva" peninsula). When the Crown realised that settlers from Virginia had already crossed the bay to begin settling the southern tip of their eastern shore, the grant was revised to include the eastern shore only as far southward every bit a line drawn east from the mouth of the Potomac River (including the future Country of Delaware). Once that alteration was made, the final charter was confirmed on xx June 1632. This lease would exist heavily contested by the 2d Lord Baltimore'southward heirs and the Penn family in the Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute.

Baltimore'south fee for the Charter, which was legally a rental of the country from the King, was ane-fifth of all gold and silverish plant and the commitment of 2 Native American arrows to the royal castle at Windsor every Easter.^[5] The Lease established Maryland as a palatinate, giving Baltimore and his descendants rights well-nigh equal to those of an independent state, including the rights to wage war, collect taxes and establish a colonial nobility.^[6] In questions of interpretation of rights, the Charter would be interpreted in favour of the proprietor.^[7] Supporters in England of the Virginia colony opposed the Charter, every bit they had niggling interest in having a competing colony to the north.^[8] Rather than going to the colony himself, Baltimore stayed behind in England to bargain with the political threat and sent his next younger brother Leonard in his stead. He never travelled to Maryland.^[viii]

While the expedition was being prepared, Baltimore was busy in England defending the 1632 Charter from former members of the Virginia Visitor. They were trying to regain their original Charter, including the entirety of the new Maryland colony, which had previously been included within the domains described as a office of Virginia.^[9] They had informally tried to thwart the founding of another colony for years, just their commencement formal complaint was lodged with the "Lords of Foreign Plantations" (Lords of Trade and Plantations) in July 1633.^[ix] The complaint claimed that Maryland had not truly been unsettled, as stated in its charter, because William Claiborne had previously run a trading station on Kent Island in the middle of the Chesapeake Bay off the eastern shore.^[9] It as well claimed that the Charter was so broad as to constitute a violation of the liberties of the colony'due south subjects. At this point in that location were few Marylanders yet in residence.^[x]

Ark and Dove [edit]

Modernistic reconstruction of Pigeon, one of the 2 ships that carried settlers to plant Lord Baltimore's first settlement in Maryland in 1634.

The first expedition consisted of two ships that had formerly belonged to Baltimore's begetter George, Ark and Pigeon.^[xi] They departed from Gravesend in Kent with 128 settlers on board. They were chased and forced to return by the British Royal Navy and so that the settlers would take an oath of fidelity to the Rex every bit required past constabulary. They then sailed in October 1632 for the Isle of Wight to pick upwardly more settlers.^[eleven] There, two Jesuit priests (including Father Andrew White) and near 200 more settlers boarded before the ships set out across the Atlantic Ocean.^[12]

Baltimore sent detailed instructions for the governance of the colony. He directed his brother to seek information about those who had tried to thwart the colony and to contact William Claiborne to determine his intentions for the trading station on Kent Isle.^[xiii] He also emphasised the importance of religious toleration amid the colonists, who numbered nearly equally Cosmic and Protestant.^[13] With these final instructions, the trek crossed the Atlantic and sailed through Cape Charles (headland) and Cape Henry into the large harbour and lower bay called Hampton Roads at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay and the oral cavity of the James River. After coming together with the Virginians at their colony and uppercase of Jamestown, they connected up the Bay to the Potomac River, then farther upstream and landed on 25 March 1634 at Blakistone Island (later called St. Cloudless's Island). In that location they erected a cross and historic their offset Mass with Male parent White. Several days later, they returned downstream and founded the first settlement at St. Mary's Urban center (in the future St. Mary'due south County), on 27 March 1634, on land purchased from the native Yaocomico tribe, a branch of the Piscataway Indians.^[14] From England, Baltimore tried to manage the political relations with the Crown and other parts of authorities. Claiborne, the trader on Kent Island, resisted the new settlement and conducted some naval skirmishes confronting it.^[15]

Calvert attempted to stay closely involved in the governance of the colony, though he never visited it. During his long tenure, he governed through deputies: the first was his younger brother Leonard Calvert (1606–1647),^[16] and the final was his only son Charles.

Crunch earlier and during the English language Civil War [edit]

The enterprise took place in the context of serious unrest in England.^[8] In 1629, King Charles I had dissolved Parliament and governed for the next eleven years without consultation from whatsoever representative body.^[8] William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his Star Chamber campaigned against both Puritans and Catholics.^[8] As a result, the Puritans and Separatists began to emigrate to New England in Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. Catholics began to encounter Maryland equally a possible English-speaking place of refuge.^[eight]

Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, struggled to maintain possession of Maryland during the English Ceremonious War by trying to convince Parliament of his loyalty; he appointed a Protestant, William Stone, as his governor. It is accepted he did this exclusively to maintain possession of the colony during the civil war, as his loyalties were with King Charles.

Religious toleration [edit]

In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Human action, also known as the "Act Concerning Faith", mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians only (those who profess religion in the "Holy Trinity" – Father, Son and Holy Spirit, excluding Nontrinitarian faiths). Passed on 21 September 1649, by the Full general Assembly of the Maryland colony, it was the first police establishing religious tolerance in the British Due north American colonies. The Calvert family sought enactment of the police to protect Catholic settlers and Nonconformist Protestants who did not arrange to the established Church building of England.

Baltimore'due south colony in Newfoundland [edit]

This section needs expansion. You tin can help by calculation to it. (June 2008)

Lord Baltimore's family unit also had title to Ferryland and the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland. The 1st Baron Baltimore administered the colony betwixt 1629 and 1632, when he left for the Colony of Virginia and after visited the northern reaches forth the Chesapeake Bay (which included the futurity Maryland). In 1637, however, Sir David Kirke acquired a lease giving Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore, title to the unabridged island of Newfoundland, superseding the lease granted to his begetter George, 1st Baron Baltimore. The 2nd Lord Baltimore fought against the new Charter. Although, in 1661, he gained official recognition of the old Charter of Avalon, he never attempted to retake the Avalon colony.^{[ clarification needed ]}

Spousal relationship and family [edit]

He married Anne Arundell, Reichsgräfin von Wardour, girl of The 1st Businesswoman Arundell of Wardour,^[17] in 1627 or 1628. They had nine children. Of the nine, but three, including Charles, 3rd Baron Baltimore, survived to machismo. Later, her name became the inspiration for the naming of ane of the primeval counties to be "erected" (founded), namely Anne Arundel County, Maryland.^[1] Anne's father congenital Hook Manor, a land house near Semley, Wiltshire for her in 1637 and gave the house (which notwithstanding stands) to the couple in 1639.^[18]

Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, died in Middlesex, England, on xxx November 1675.^[1] He was succeeded by his son and heir, Charles.

Death and burial [edit]

He died in England on xxx November 1675, aged 70 years. Parish records country that he is cached at St. Giles-in-the-Fields Church, London, Uk,^[nineteen] though the verbal location of his grave is unknown.^[20] A plaque commemorating Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore, was placed in St. Giles's in 1996 past the Governor of Maryland. Still, genealogists for Kiplin Hall state, "A number of the early Calverts were buried at St Giles in the Fields, Charing Cross Road, London. We cannot yet exist certain whether Cecil is i of them."^[21] This is possibly due to poor record keeping of Catholic burials^[22] or numerous outbreaks of affliction that overwhelmed burial staff and led to defoliation in parish registers.^[23]

Legacy and honours [edit]

Maryland [edit]

In 1904, the arms were adopted equally the official land Flag of Maryland. Information technology is the only US state flag to be based on British and Irish heraldry.^{[24] [25]}

Numerous identify names honour the Barons Baltimore, including the counties of Baltimore, Calvert, Cecil, Charles, and Frederick.

Cities which include variations of the Calvert and Lord Baltimore'due south name

• Metropolis of Baltimore
• Leonardtown
• St. Leonard
• Calvert Cliffs
• Anne Arundel County (Anne Arundel's original spelling of her name is preserved in the name of the county'southward heritage organisation – "Ann Arundell Canton Historical Guild")[3]

Street names

• Cecil Avenue
• Calvert Street
• Charles Street in Baltimore
• Calvert Street in Brooklyn neighbourhood of Southward Baltimore
• Calvert Street in Washington
• Baltimore Street in Cumberland, Maryland
• Baltimore Street in La Plata, Maryland,
• Baltimore-Annapolis Boulevard (Maryland Route 648)
• Baltimore–Washington Parkway

A 1908 statue of Cecil, Lord Baltimore, for which Francis X. Bushman served as sculptor'due south model,^[26] stands on the steps at the due west entrance of the Circuit Courthouse of Baltimore City (built 1896–1900 – renamed the Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. Courthouse in the 1980s) facing Saint Paul Street and a small Courtroom Plaza with a fountain. It is the site of almanac "Maryland Twenty-four hour period" (25 March) ceremonies which keep inside the elaborate lobby and formalism courtrooms.

Harford Canton is named for Henry Harford, the illegitimate son of The sixth Baron Baltimore. Although precluded by his nascence condition from inheriting the peerage, he inherited the Lord Proprietorship, only to lose information technology subsequently during the American Revolution.

The Flag of Maryland uses the arms of the second Baron with the Calvert (father's family) black and gold paly (vi vertical bars), with a bend dexter counterchanged, and the Crossland (mother's family) red and white bottony (tre-foiled) counterchanged cross. The flag first flew 11 October 1880, in Baltimore past the newly reorganised Maryland National Guard (country militia) at a parade marking the 150th anniversary of the founding of Baltimore Boondocks (1729–1730). It besides flew 25 October 1888, at Gettysburg Battleground for ceremonies dedicating monuments to the Maryland regiments of the Ground forces of the Potomac and of the Confederate States Army. During the Civil State of war, the black and gold chevrons were used equally a symbol on uniforms and flags by the Northern (Spousal relationship) Maryland soldiers and units and the bottonee cantankerous from the Crosslands by the Southern (Confederate) regiments from Maryland. The later reunification of the two squares of the colonial seal and proprietary family's glaze-of-arms in the increased utilize of a "Maryland Flag" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries symbolised the mail-war reconciliation of the two sides of the bitterly divided edge country. Officially, information technology was adopted as the State flag in 1904.^[27]

The Great Seal of Maryland, which was stolen in 1645, was replaced past a similar seal past Cecil. The seal features the Calvert arms and motto, which is nonetheless used in the Government of Maryland.

Newfoundland [edit]

• On the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland is the settlement of Calvert
• Baltimore Schoolhouse is in nearby Ferryland.

Coat of arms [edit]

The Artillery of the Barons Baltimore which were granted to the 2d Baron. The arms were designed by the College of Artillery in London.

The blackness and gold quarters were the arms of the Calverts themselves, while the ruby-red and silver were for the Crosslands, the family of the 1st Baron's mother, Alice.^[27]

Shield:

• Quarterly, 1st and fourth Paly of vi Or and Sable a bend counterchanged (Calvert),
• 2d and 3rd Quarterly Argent and Gules over all a cross bottony counterchanged (Crosslands).

Crest: Out of a ducal coronet 2 pennants flying, the dexter Or, the sinister Sable

Supporters: Two leopards guardant Proper

Motto: (Italian), Fatti maschii, parole femine, pregnant, "Manly deeds, womanly words."

The glaze was the inspiration for the naming of the Baltimore oriole bird, whose orange and black feathers resembled Lord Baltimore's coat of arms. The bird in plow inspired the proper noun of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team.

See besides [edit]

• Baron Baltimore
• Colonial families of Maryland
• Listing of colonial governors of Maryland
• Province of Maryland
• Lord Baltimore penny

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore (1605–1675) Retrieved February 2011
2. ^ American History Website Retrieved February 2011
3. ^ ^{a b} Richardson, Douglas (2005). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Written report in Colonial and Medieval Families, p. 169. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8063-1759-0.
4. ^ ^{a b} Krugler, John D. (2004). English and Cosmic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.ISBN 0-8018-7963-nine, p. 32.
5. ^ Browne, Pages 35–36
6. ^ Browne, Page 36
7. ^ Browne, Page 37
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Browne, Page 39
9. ^ ^{a b c} Browne, Folio 43
10. ^ Browne, Pages 43–44
11. ^ ^{a b} Browne, Folio 40
12. ^ Browne, Page 45
13. ^ ^{a b} Browne, Pages 46–57
14. ^ Browne, Pages 59–62
15. ^ Browne, Pages 62–64
16. ^ "Leonard Calvert MSA SC 3520-198". Maryland Land Archives. 7 March 2003.
17. ^ Worthington, David (15 Apr 2016). British and Irish Experiences and Impressions of Central Europe, c.1560–1688. Routledge. ISBN978-1-317-17215-four.
18. ^ Celebrated England. "Claw Manor (1146052)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved seven January 2020.
19. ^ St Giles-in-the-Fields Church Website Section: Global Connections Retrieved September 2013
20. ^ "Medico. memorial to Calvert in England fulfills request made 35 years ago" Baltimore Sunday eleven May 1996
21. ^ [1] Archived 22 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Note for: Cecil Calvert - 2nd Baron Baltimore, eight August 1605 - thirty Nov 1675 Kiplin Hall Website Retrieved July 2015
22. ^ [two] National Athenaeum Britain retrieved July 2015
23. ^ Harding, Vanessa (1993). "Burial of the plague expressionless in early modern London" (Centre for Metropolitan History Working Papers Series, No. 1, 1993).
24. ^ Several versions to stand for the Colony and the Land had been used since the grant to the 2nd Lord Baltimore. For more data see: Flag of Maryland.
25. ^ Land of Maryland (Chapter 48, Acts of 1904, effective nine March 1904)
26. ^ State to mark 362nd birthday at statue steeped in local lore Lord Baltimore'south likeness based on Hollywood actorBaltimore Sunday 22 March 1996
27. ^ ^{a b} Maryland Manual Online: A Guide to Maryland Government, Maryland State Archives, 30 Oct 2012. Maryland at a Glance: Land Symbols.

Sources [edit]

• Browne, William Mitt (1890). George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
• Krugler, John D. (2004). English and Catholic: The Lords Baltimore in the 17th Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Academy Press. ISBN 0-8018-7963-ix

External links [edit]

• Calvert Family Tree (accessed 10 July 2013)

Regime offices
Preceded past George Calvert	Governor of Newfoundland 1629–1632	Succeeded by William Hill
New championship	Proprietor of Maryland 1632–1675	Succeeded by The tertiary Lord Baltimore
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by George Calvert	Baron Baltimore 1632–1675	Succeeded past Charles Calvert

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore

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